curiousness (Also curiousnesses) : Related Words Words similar in meaning to curiousness

  • inquisitiveness«
  • foreignness«
  • strangeness«
  • curiosity«
  • curiousness«
  • snoopiness«
  • singular«
  • rummy«
  • rum«
  • questioning«
  • queer«
  • prying«
  • nosiness«
  • funny«
  • exotism«
  • exoticness«
  • exoticism«
  • alienism«
  • alienage«
  • alien«
  • wonder«
  • snoopy«
  • singularity«
  • rarity«
  • quirkiness«
  • quirk«
  • queerness«
  • pry«
  • poke«
  • peculiarity«
  • oddment«
  • oddity«
  • nose«
  • muse«
  • mull«
  • inquiring«
  • curio«
  • crotchet«
  • workmanship«
  • wonderer«
  • pains«
  • wondering«
  • speculative«
  • whatnot«
  • ingenuity«
  • peculiar«
  • weird«
  • exactness«
  • odd«
  • unusualness«
  • curious«
  • inquisitive«
  • unknown«
  • foreign«
  • unfamiliarity«
  • contrivance«
  • tramontane«
  • carefulness«
  • unusual«
  • thoughtfulness«
  • care«
  • think over«
  • thirst for knowledge«
  • tec«
  • strange«
  • study«
  • speculate«
  • stranger«
  • ruminate«
  • reflect«
  • spy«
  • prise«
  • speculation«
  • ponder«
  • snooper«
  • overcurious«
  • snoop«
  • nosy«
  • nosey«
  • showpiece«
  • mull over«
  • ruminator«
  • meditate«
  • rumination«
  • investigate«
  • request«
  • intrude«
  • reflexion«
  • interested«
  • reflection«
  • inquire«
  • horn in«
  • questioner«
  • question«
  • extrinsic«
  • querier«
  • exotic«
  • puzzle«
  • excogitate«
  • probe«
  • enquire«
  • ponderer«
  • contemplate«
  • police detective«
  • chew over«
  • piece de resistance«
  • outside«
  • outlander«
  • offbeat«
  • noncitizen«
  • nicknack«
  • musing«
  • muser«
  • muller«
  • meditation«
  • lust for learning«
  • knickknackery«
  • knickknack«
  • involvement«
  • investigator«
  • investigation«
  • investigating«
  • interestedness«
  • interest«
  • inquiry«
  • inquirer«
  • grotesque«
  • gothic«
  • foreigner«
  • extraterrestrial being«
  • extraterrestrial«
  • external«
  • enquiry«
  • enquirer«
  • detective«
  • desire to know«
  • crazy«
  • contemplative«
  • contemplation«
  • collector's item«
  • collectible«
  • collectable«
  • broody«
  • brooding«
  • bric-a-brac«
  • asker«
  • antic«
  • worry«
  • wiretap«
  • weirdness«
  • undercover work«
  • undercover agent«
  • uncommonness«
  • tshatshke«
  • tsatske«
  • trick«
  • tracer«
  • theologizer«
  • theologist«
  • theologiser«
  • theologian«
  • testing«
  • tester«
  • teaser«
  • tchotchke«
  • tap«
  • tally«
  • tabulation«
  • survey«
  • state of mind«
  • stag«
  • spying«
  • sleuth«
  • separateness«
  • self-examination«
  • self-contemplation«
  • seek«
  • scrutiny«
  • scruple«
  • retrospect«
  • research«
  • reflectivity«
  • reflectiveness«
  • reckoning«
  • rariora«
  • quizzer«
  • query«
  • quality«
  • quaintness«
  • puzzler«
  • puzzlement«
  • put-on«
  • prank«
  • pollster«
  • poll taker«
  • police work«
  • police investigation«
  • plainclothesman«
  • pensiveness«
  • outwardness«
  • outsider«
  • outlandishness«
  • otherness«
  • orneriness«
  • obfuscation«
  • numeration«
  • mystifier«
  • mystification«
  • metic«
  • meditativeness«
  • means test«
  • kink«
  • joke«
  • introspection«
  • interviewer«
  • interrogatory«
  • interrogator«
  • interrogation«
  • intellectual«
  • inquisitor«
  • inquest«
  • inessential«
  • importee«
  • import«
  • headcounter«
  • hawkshaw«
  • gumshoe«
  • grumpiness«
  • grotesquery«
  • grotesquerie«
  • grotesqueness«
  • gringo«
  • ghostliness«
  • freakishness«
  • fishing expedition«
  • factor«
  • extraneousness«
  • externality«
  • exile«
  • examiner«
  • examination«
  • enumeration«
  • enthusiasm«
  • empiricism«
  • eeriness«
  • eccentricity«
  • eavesdropper«
  • dubiousness«
  • doubtfulness«
  • doubt«
  • distinctness«
  • dick«
  • deportee«
  • cussedness«
  • crotchetiness«
  • cross-questioner«
  • cross-examiner«
  • crankiness«
  • counting«
  • count«
  • contrariness«
  • contemplativeness«
  • consideration«
  • condition«
  • concern«
  • compare«
  • cognitive state«
  • cogitation«
  • circumstance«
  • challenge«
  • chachka«
  • caper«
  • canvasser«
  • bizarreness«
  • bewilderment«
  • bemusement«
  • befuddlement«
  • bafflement«
  • au pair«
  • asking«
  • analysis«
  • abnormality«
  • way-out«
  • unnaturalized«
  • unnaturalised«
  • uncommon«
  • theologize«
  • theologise«
  • searching«
  • ruminative«
  • remarkable«
  • reflective«
  • rare«
  • quirky«
  • quaint«
  • probing«
  • premeditate«
  • pondering«
  • pensive«
  • other«
  • ornery«
  • oddish«
  • nonnative«
  • naturalized«
  • meditative«
  • kinky«
  • investigatory«
  • investigative«
  • introspect«
  • inquisitory«
  • inquisitorial«
  • imported«
  • freaky«
  • foreign-born«
  • far-out«
  • fantastical«
  • fantastic«
  • fact-finding«
  • extraneous«
  • excogitative«
  • established«
  • eery«
  • eerie«
  • crotchety«
  • consider«
  • cogitate«
  • cantankerous«
  • bethink«
  • adventive«
  • adventitious«
  • adscititious«
  • unfamiliar«
  • unessential«
  • unconventional«
  • thoughtful«
  • sniff out«
  • smell out«
  • self-examining«
  • scent out«
  • occupy«
  • nose out«
  • look into«
  • liken«
  • involve«
  • introverted«
  • introspective«
  • interrogate«
  • ill-natured«
  • factor out«
  • factor in«
  • extraordinary«
  • examine«
  • equate«
  • cogitative«
  • ask«
  • wrongness«
  • worthlessness«
  • worth«
  • worldly concern«
  • worldliness«
  • world«
  • work study«
  • woodsiness«
  • woodiness«
  • wish«
  • wiretapper«
  • wholesomeness«
  • waxiness«
  • voluptuousness«
  • visual aspect«
  • virtu«
  • vexation«
  • vertu«
  • utility«
  • uselessness«
  • usefulness«
  • urbanity«
  • unwholesomeness«
  • unusefulness«
  • unsuitableness«
  • unsuitability«
  • unsatisfactoriness«
  • unresponsiveness«
  • unregularity«
  • unpopularity«
  • unpleasantness«
  • unoriginality«
  • unnaturalness«
  • unlawfulness«
  • unknown quantity«
  • unholiness«
  • unfitness«
  • unfaithfulness«
  • understandability«
  • unconsciousness«
  • uncloudedness«
  • unchangingness«
  • unchangeableness«
  • unchangeability«
  • uncertainty«
  • uncertainness«
  • unboundedness«
  • ultimate«
  • ulteriority«
  • ugliness«
  • try«
  • truth«
  • trickster«
  • tricker«
  • trick or treat«
  • transalpine«
  • total«
  • tot«
  • tone«
  • time-motion study«
  • time-and-motion study«
  • time study«
  • time and motion study«
  • throw«
  • thought«
  • third degree«
  • think«
  • thing«
  • test«
  • technical analysis«
  • tapper«
  • tail«
  • tactual exploration«
  • table«
  • sweetness«
  • surveillance«
  • sure thing«
  • sum«
  • sulky«
  • suitableness«
  • suitability«
  • sufficiency«
  • subjectivism«
  • subconsciousness«
  • stuffiness«
  • stuff«
  • stick«
  • spiritual«
  • spinnability«
  • sperm count«
  • specialness«
  • special«
  • sour«
  • sophistication«
  • solubility«
  • soapiness«
  • snootiness«
  • sleuthing«
  • sleuthhound«
  • sleeper«
  • simplicity«
  • simpleness«
  • shadower«
  • shadow«
  • set«
  • separate«
  • see«
  • scrutineer«
  • scientific research«
  • scan«
  • satisfactoriness«
  • sanctity«
  • sanctitude«
  • sameness«
  • salableness«
  • salability«
  • roundup«
  • romanticism«
  • romance«
  • rightness«
  • rhinoscopy«
  • review«
  • responsiveness«
  • researcher«
  • research worker«
  • research project«
  • relativity«
  • relative«
  • regularity«
  • reexamination«
  • redirect examination«
  • recount«
  • recall«
  • readiness«
  • rattling«
  • rational«
  • quiz«
  • quest«
  • quantifiability«
  • qualitative analysis«
  • pyrotechnic«
  • pump«
  • publicity«
public opinion poll, protectiveness, probability, preoccupation, preoccupancy, precariousness, prayer, prankster, practical joker, practical joke, powerlessness, powerfulness, power, postmortem examination, postmortem, post-mortem examination, post-mortem, positivity, positivism, positiveness, pose, popularity, poll, point of honor, poignancy, plus, pleasantness, piquantness, piquancy, piquance, physicalness, phone tapper, petition, perviousness, perversity, perverseness, personal matters, personal business, penetrability, peer, pathos, particularity, part, parental quality, paramnesia, palpation, painfulness, orison, originality, orientalism, ordinariness, order, opinion poll, ophthalmoscopy, operations research, opaqueness, opacity, one, once-over, olympian, oddness, occupation, occidentalism, number, notification, notice, nosecount, nose count, nonessential, negativity, negativism, negativeness, neediness, necropsy, navigability, nature, naturalness, nativeness, naivety, naivete, naiveness, mundanity, mundaneness, muddiness, motion study, morbidness, morbidity, morality, moody, mole, mobility, miscount, microscopy, mental confusion, memory loss, memorability, medical examination, medical exam, medical checkup, medical, measurability, matter, materiality, match, marketing research, market research, manhood, lost, look-over, logicalness, logicality, literature, limitlessness, lawfulness, keratoscopy, jokester, joker, ivory tower, irregularity, inwardness, invitation, inutility, interview, interrogative sentence, interrogative, interestingness, intercept, inspection, insolubility, inquisition, inhumanity, inhumaneness, infinitude, infiniteness, infiltrator, infidelity, inessentiality, ineptness, ineptitude, inelegance, indirect request, incredibleness, incredibility, incorrectness, incorporeality, inconsequence, incomprehensibility, incidental, incertitude, inaccuracy, inability, impressiveness, impotency, impotence, imperviousness, impenetrability, immorality, immobility, immateriality, illogicalness, illogicality, illogic, ideality, idea, humour, humor, humanness, humanity, humaneness, howling, hot stuff, holiness, hoaxer, highbrow, health check, headache, hardness, grip, great, gravel, grand, goodness, good, gonioscopy, going-over, get, generality, fundamentals analysis, fundamental analysis, fuddle, fruitlessness, fruitfulness, fox, forensics, foreign agent, foregone conclusion, followup, follow-up, finitude, finiteness, fine-toothed comb, fine-tooth comb, field work, fidelity, fibrousness, fibrosity, fecundity, fear, faithfulness, factualness, factuality, extremeness, extraordinariness, expressiveness, experiment, expatriate, excellence, exam, ethnicity, essay, espionage agent, espionage, equivalence, equation, equating, equal, entreaty, engrossment, endoscopy, eleven-plus, elegance, eccentric, easiness, ease, earthly concern, earth, dyspeptic, dubiety, double agent, domesticity, dolichocephaly, dolichocephalism, divisibility, divinity, distressingness, distinction, dissection, dispute, disarray, dirty trick, directivity, directiveness, direct examination, difficulty, difficultness, difference, detective work, detection, detecting, destructiveness, deposition, debriefing, deadness, dark, cut-up, cross-examination, cross, credibleness, credibility, counterspy, counterfactuality, countdown, cost analysis, correctness, corporeality, corporality, constructiveness, consciousness, confusion, confusedness, comprehensibility, complexness, complexity, compeer, comparison, comparing, comparative, comparability, combustibleness, combustibility, clown, closeness, clearness, clarity, chemical analysis, checkup, charge, characteristic, changelessness, changeableness, changeability, certainty, census, catechism, case study, canvass, canvas, callback, call, burnability, bug, brachycephaly, brachycephalism, boundlessness, boundedness, blood count, blackout, billing, believability, beat, barrenness, bank examination, balletomania, baffle, badness, bad, autopsy, aura, audit, au pair girl, attractiveness, attraction, atmosphere, asset, aridity, arability, appearance, appeal, anatomy, amorality, amnesia, alternative, air, affairs, affair, adequacy, add, accuracy, absorption, ability, yes-no question, x-ray, wrong, worthy, worthwhileness, worthiness, worse, worriment, word-painting, word picture, wonderfulness, wiseness, wisdom, wild, wideness, whimsy, whimsey, whim, welfare, weakness, wavering, war machine, wantonness, wandering, waking, vulgarity, vulgarism, voicelessness, vividness, viva voce, viva, visibility, visage, virtue, view, vibration, vibe, veto, vastness, variety, variance, variableness, variability, vantage, vanity, vanishing point, valuelessness, value, validity, valency, valence, utilitarian, usualness, useableness, use, usableness, usability, unworthiness, unsteadiness, unsoundness, unsimilarity, unsightliness, unsanctification, unrighteousness, unreality, unquestionableness, unquestionability, unproductiveness, unpretentiousness, unpredictability, unpleasingness, unpersuasiveness, unorthodoxy, unmercifulness, unknowingness, universality, uninterestingness, unintelligibility, uninitiate, unimportance, uniformity, unhealthfulness, unexpectedness, unexchangeability, unevenness, undesirable, undesirability, uncouthness, unconscious, unclearness, unawareness, unavoidability, unattractiveness, unassumingness, unalterability, unaffectedness, unadaptability, unacceptableness, unacceptability, tweediness, trust, trueness, true, troublesomeness, tripos, trier, trickiness, trashiness, transparentness, transparency, transparence, transmutability, translucency, translucence, transient global amnesia, trance, trait, trademark, toxicity, toughness, touching, totipotency, totipotence, totality, tortuousness, topicality, tinker's damn, tinker's dam, throttlehold, thought process, thinking, thinker, theorem, theme, testee, test paper, terribleness, temptingness, temporal, telling, tell, tastelessness, tastefulness, tapestry, tangibleness, tangibility, sweet, sway, swank, suspicion, suspense, surprisingness, surety, sureness, supplement, supernaturalness, supernaturalism, supernatural, superior, superficies, suggestion, subtlety, substantialness, substantiality, substance, subconscious, stylishness, stylemark, style, stupor, stupefaction, strong suit, strong point, strength, street credibility, street cred, stream of consciousness, streak, stranglehold, straightness, stochasticity, stiffness, steep, steady, steadiness, static, stardust, stamp, stain, stable, stability, spot, spontaneousness, spontaneity, splendour, splendor, splashiness, spirit, spinnbarkeit, spellbinder, speculativeness, spectre, specter, specificity, specialty, speciality, soundness, sorriness, sophisticate, solidness, softness, smell, smartness, sleekness, sleaziness, slam dunk, skim, skepticism, sizeableness, sincerity, simple mindedness, simple, simmpleness, similitude, similarity, shucks, shrillness, showstopper, show-stopper, shot, shoddiness, shit, shiftiness, sharpness, shape, shadiness, shabbiness, sexual morality, sexual attraction, severity, severeness, severalty, serviceableness, serviceability, serve, sentience, sensitivity, sensitiveness, sensibility, semitransparency, semitrance, semiconsciousness, semicoma, semblance, self-confidence, self-assurance, self-assertiveness, self, selective amnesia, seeker, seediness, secular, secondary, searcher, scalability, saving grace, same, safeness, sacredness, rurality, ruralism, ruggedness, roving, routine, roughness, rottenness, role, robustness, rivet, rigourousness, rigour, rigorousness, rigor, righteousness, right, richness, reversibility, retrograde amnesia, restlessness, resource, resistance, reservation, repellent, repellant, reliance, regular, refinement, reference, red cent, red carpet, reconditeness, recommendation, reason, reality, ready, readability, reaction, raunch, rationalness, rationality, ratability, rankness, randomness, rake, question sheet, quester, pyrotechny, pyrotechnics, putrescence, putrefaction, purpose, pull, puissance, puffiness, public, proportional, prolificacy, progressivity, progressiveness, programme, program, profaneness, productivity, productiveness, probable, price, prevalence, pretentiousness, pretension, preponderance, preliminary examination, preliminary exam, prelim, predictability, praisworthiness, practicality, practicableness, practicability, potency, posttraumatic amnesia, positivist, positive, pore, pop, poorness, pompousness, pomposity, pomp, poison, point, plunge, plausibleness, plausibility, plan, plainness, pilosity, picturesqueness, picture, physical object, physical ability, phase, phantom, phantasma, phantasm, pervasiveness, persuasiveness, perspective, personal magnetism, personal appeal, persona, perplexity, perniciousness, perishableness, perishability, periodicity, peregrine, peradventure, penetration, pellucidity, paying attention, pay, paternal quality, passport, particular, paper tiger, panache, paltriness, palpability, overconfidence, outlaw, ostentatiousness, ostentation, orthodoxy, ornateness, original, orientalist, ordinary, orderliness, oral examination, oral exam, oral, optimum, oppressiveness, opinion, open, onus, onerousness, offensiveness, odiousness, obscurity, obscureness, object, nutritiveness, nutritiousness, noxiousness, novelty, notion, note, noisomeness, noise, niceness, newsworthiness, news, negativist, negative, needy, naturalization, naturalisation, natural, native, nastiness, narcosis, naif, mystique, myriad, mutableness, mutability, murkiness, movableness, movability, motivity, motive power, motility, motif, motherliness, moral certainty, moral, modishness, mobile, mistrust, misgiving, misconception, mind, military machine, military, midterm examination, midterm exam, midterm, metier, methodicalness, merit, mercy, mercilessness, mercifulness, mentation, mental reservation, mental rejection, mediocrity, meaning, maverick, maternity, maternalism, maternal quality, material, marvel, mark, mar, manoeuvrability, manipulability, manginess, maneuverability, magnificence, magical power, magical ability, lure, lucidness, lucidity, loyalty, looseness, look, long suit, locomotion, load, litmus test, link, linear perspective, lineament, line of work, line, limpidity, likeness, likeliness, likelihood, light, licitness, licentiousness, liability, lethality, legitimacy, legibility, legality, legal power, least, leading question, last word, largeness, knottiness, keynote, jurisdiction, judge, job, jerkiness, jejunity, jejuneness, jamais vu, irreversibility, irresolution, irresistibleness, irresistibility, irregular, involution, invariance, invariableness, invariability, invalidness, invalidity, introspectiveness, intricacy, interpellation, interoperability, intermittency, intermittence, interchangeableness, interchangeability, intentness, intelligibility, intellection, intellect, intangibleness, intangibility, insufficiency, insubstantiality, instrumentality, inspiration, inspector, insensitivity, insensitiveness, insensibility, inscrutability, innocence, innateness, injuriousness, inhomogeneity, ingenuousness, informality, influence, inflation, inflammability, infinite, infernal, inexactness, inexactitude, inevitableness, inevitability, inertness, inequality, ineluctability, ineffectualness, ineffectuality, ineffectiveness, indubitability, indistinguishability, indistinctness, indisputability, indirectness, indigenousness, indetermination, indeterminateness, indeterminacy, indefinity, indefiniteness, indecisiveness, indecision, incurableness, incurability, incumbrance, incredulity, inconvenience, inconstancy, incompetency, incompetence, incompatibility, incapableness, incapability, inappropriateness, inadvisability, inadequateness, inadequacy, impuissance, improbableness, improbability, impression, impracticality, impracticableness, impracticability, implausibleness, implausibility, impenetrableness, impalpability, immutableness, immutability, immunocompetence, immovableness, immovability, immotility, immersion, immensity, immenseness, image, illicitness, illegitimate, illegitimacy, illegibility, illegality, idleness, identity, identicalness, idealization, idealisation, ideal, humourist, humorist, human, horridness, hoot, homeliness, holy, hideousness, heterodoxy, helplessness, helpfulness, heinousness, heaviness, hearing, healthfulness, haze, harshness, harmfulness, hardship, haphazardness, hallmark, half-cock, hairlessness, hairiness, gullibility, guess, groundlessness, grossness, grogginess, grimness, grill, greatness, grasp, grandness, grandeur, gracelessness, glowing, gloss, globe, give, ghost, genuineness, gentility, genteelness, generalization, generalisation, general, gaudiness, garishness, fuzziness, futility, fungibility, function, frigidness, frigidity, freshness, free will, fortuitousness, forte, formidability, format, form, forgetfulness, fogginess, fog, focus, fluidness, fluidity, fluctuation, flammability, flakiness, flair, fixity, fixedness, fix, fittingness, fitness, fitfulness, fissiparity, fineness, final examination, final exam, final, figment, fickleness, fertility, feeling, fecklessness, fault, fatherliness, fascination, fantasm, familiarity, falseness, faithlessness, faithful, face, eyesore, expectedness, exchangeability, exception, examinee, examination paper, exam paper, exactitude, evilness, evil, everydayness, evenness, even spacing, even, etiolation, ethnic, esthesia, essentialness, essentiality, error, erroneousness, equality, entrance examination, entrance exam, enticement, enormousness, enjoyableness, endemism, encumbrance, emptiness, employ, electrosleep, elan, elaboration, elaborateness, ego, effortlessness, effortfulness, effectualness, effectuality, effectivity, effectiveness, effect, eclat, earmark, dreadfulness, drawing power, draw, drabness, dowdiness, domestic, do, divine, divergence, distrust, distraction, distinctiveness, distastefulness, dissimilarity, disposal, dispensableness, dispensability, disorientation, disloyalty, disfigurement, disfiguration, disembodied spirit, discretion, discreteness, discrepancy, discombobulation, discolouration, discoloration, disbelief, disagreement, disagreeableness, dirty linen, dirty laundry, directness, directive, differential, differentia, detergency, detergence, desirableness, desirability, depravity, depravation, depiction, demerit, delineation, delicacy, deliberation, deliberateness, degeneracy, deformity, defect, defeatist, dedication, decorativeness, deadliness, dead, daze, dash, darn, dangerousness, damn, daintiness, daftness, cyclicity, curableness, curability, crudeness, cross-question, credulousness, cred, creative thinker, craziness, courtliness, countenance, corruption, corruptibility, convenience, control, contrary, contractility, consultation, construct, constancy, consistency, conscience, confidence, concreteness, conception, concept, concentration, concentrate, comprehensive examination, comprehensive, complication, complicatedness, complexion, complex, completeness, competency, competence, compatibility, comp, commutability, commonplaceness, commonness, commonality, comicality, come-on, comatoseness, coma, colour, color, cold, coherency, coherence, cogency, cocksureness, coarseness, clumsiness, cloudiness, close, clear, clean, class, civilization, civilisation, chokehold, chicness, chichi, chic, check, chastity, charisma, characterization, characterisation, character reference, character, changefulness, change, certitude, cert, cerebration, centre, center, catholicity, cast, captivation, capriciousness, capableness, capability, candle, call up, business, burdensomeness, burden, bugaboo, brilliance, breeding, brainstorm, brachycephalic, boorishness, blurriness, blemish, binding, better, bestiality, benefit, belief, beauty, base, barren, barbarousness, barbarity, bar examination, bar exam, baffled, awkwardness, awfulness, awareness, averageness, average, autopilot, automatic pilot, autochthony, authority, authenticity, audience, atrocity, atrociousness, assurance, associate, assertiveness, asperity, aspect, artlessness, artificiality, arriere pensee, armed services, armed forces, appurtenance, appropriateness, apparition, anterograde amnesia, answer, anomy, anomie, analyticity, ampleness, amnesic, amnesiac, amenity, allurement, allure, alikeness, agreeableness, agerasia, affinity, affectedness, aesthesia, advisory, advantage, admirableness, admirability, adequateness, add-on, adaptability, accoutrement, accouterment, accessory, acceptableness, acceptability, abstruseness, abstractness, abstraction, abstractedness, absoluteness, absentmindedness, aboriginal, Inquisitor, Mata Hari, Margarete Gertrud Zelle, Grand Inquisitor, Anglomania, 11-plus, Yiddish, Sanskrit literature, Midas touch, Earth,